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Digital signature
A digital signature is a mathematical scheme for demonstrating the authenticity of a digital message or documents. A valid digital signature gives a recipient reason to believe that the message was created by a known sender, that the sender cannot deny having sent the message (authentication and non-repudiation), and that the message was not altered in transit (integrity). Digital signatures are commonly used for software distribution, financial transactions, and in other cases where it is important to detect forgery or tampering.
== Explanation ==
Digital signatures are often used to implement electronic signatures, a broader term that refers to any electronic data that carries the intent of a signature,〔(US ESIGN Act of 2000 )〕 but not all electronic signatures use digital signatures.〔(State of WI )〕〔(National Archives of Australia ) 〕 In some countries, including the United States, India, Brazil, Saudi Arabia and members of the European Union, electronic signatures have legal significance.
Digital signatures employ asymmetric cryptography. In many instances they provide a layer of validation and security to messages sent through a nonsecure channel: Properly implemented, a digital signature gives the receiver reason to believe the message was sent by the claimed sender. Digital seals and signatures are equivalent to handwritten signatures and stamped seals.〔(Regulatory Compliance: Digital signatures and seals are legally enforceable ESIGN (Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce) Act )〕 Digital signatures are equivalent to traditional handwritten signatures in many respects, but properly implemented digital signatures are more difficult to forge than the handwritten type. Digital signature schemes, in the sense used here, are cryptographically based, and must be implemented properly to be effective. Digital signatures can also provide non-repudiation, meaning that the signer cannot successfully claim they did not sign a message, while also claiming their private key remains secret; further, some non-repudiation schemes offer a time stamp for the digital signature, so that even if the private key is exposed, the signature is valid. Digitally signed messages may be anything representable as a bitstring: examples include electronic mail, contracts, or a message sent via some other cryptographic protocol.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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